BACK TO BASICS

CLASS10
UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1.DEVELOPMENT 
Literacy rates-

IMR and MMR




UNDP HDI- year


Per capita income- India and state


2.SECTORS OF ECONOMY

Contribution to economy
Primary 
Secondary
Tertiary



Employment
1.Voluntary unemployment,
2. Frictional unemployment,
3. Casual unemployment,
4. Seasonal unemployment,
5. Structural unemployment,
6. Technological unemployment,
7. Cyclical unemployment,
8. Chronic unemployment,
9. Disguised unemployment. 

Social Security to the workers in the organized sector

Social Security to the workers in the organized sector is provided through five Central Acts namely :-

• Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
• Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948.
• Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
• Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.
• Employee’s Compensation Act, 1923

Unorganized Sector Workers in India

‘Unorganized Sector Worker” means a person who works for wages or income; directly or through any agency or contractor; or who works on his own or her own account or is self employed; in any place of work including his or her home, field or any public place; and who is not availing of benefits under the ESIC Act and the P.F Act, individual insurance and pension schemes of LIC, private insurance companies, or other benefits as decided by the Authority from time to time.

Employment Generation – Government Initiatives

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA). The Ministry of Rural Development, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA) aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The Act came into force on February 2, 2006. All rural districts are covered under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA.
• Sampoorna Rojgar Yojana. The primary objective of the Scheme is to provide skilled and local employment and thereby improve skills levels in all rural and urban areas. The scheme is open to all rural and urban unemployed educated youth who are in need of employment and desire to do manual and skilled work in and around his locality/village/habitat. Beneficiary gets fixed based payment of wages and incentives based on performance.
• Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Programme. Aajeevika was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India in June 2011. NRLM has set out with an agenda to cover 7 Crore rural poor households, across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats and 6 lakh villages in the country through self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federated institutions and support them for livelihoods collectives in a period of 8-10 years. In addition, the poor would be facilitated to achieve increased access to their rights, entitlements and public services, diversified risk and better social indicators of empowerment.
• Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP). Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) scheme announced on 15th August, 2008. This is credit linked Scheme of Govt. of India by merging erstwhile REGP and PMRY scheme. KVIC is the Nodal Agency at National Level. The primary objective is to generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in Rural and Urban areas of the country.

 3.Consumer rights

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986  

The Government carries out a multi-media “Jago Grahak Jago” campaign
ntegrated Grievance Redress Mechanism (INGRAM) portal